London Labour and the London Poor, Vol. 1
by Henry Mayhew
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- LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR
- CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
- PREFACE.
- Of Wandering Tribes in General.
- Of the Wandering Tribes of this Country.
- Of the London Street-folk.
- Of the Number of Costermongers and other Street-folk.
- COSTERMONGERS ATTENDING THE LONDON MARKETS.
- Of the Varieties of Street-folk in general, and Costermongers in particular.
- Of Costermongering Mechanics.
- Ancient Calling of Costermongers.
- Of the Obsolete Cries of the Costermongers.
- Of the Costermongers “economically” considered.
- The London Street Markets on a Saturday Night.
- The Sunday Morning Markets.
- MARKETS ON THE SURREY SIDE.
- MARKETS ON THE MIDDLESEX SIDE.
- Habits and Amusements of Costermongers.
- Gambling of Costermongers.
- “Vic. Gallery.”
- The Politics of Costermongers.—Policemen.
- Marriage and Concubinage of Costermongers.
- Religion of Costermongers.
- Of the Uneducated State of Costermongers.
- Language of Costermongers.
- Of the Nicknames of Costermongers.
- Of the Education of Costermongers’ Children.
- The Literature of Costermongers.
- Of the Honesty of Costermongers.
- Of the Conveyances of the Costermongers and other Street-sellers.
- Of the “Smithfield Races.”
- Of the Donkeys of the Costermongers.
- Of the Costermongers’ Capital.
- Of the “Slang” Weights and Measures.
- Of Half Profits.
- Of the Boys of the Costermongers, and their Bunts.
- Of the Juvenile Trading of the Costermongers.
- Of the Education of the “Coster-Lads.”
- The Life of a Coster-Lad.
- Of the “Penny Gaff.”
- Of the Coster-Girls.
- The Life of a Coster Girl.
- Of Costermongers and Thieves.
- Of the more provident Costermongers.
- Of the Homes of the Costermongers.
- Of the Dress of the Costermongers.
- Of the Diet and Drink of Costermongers.
- Of the Cries, Rounds, and Days of Costermongers.
- Of the Costermongers on their Country Rounds.
- Of the Earnings of Costermongers.
- Of the Capital and Income of the Costermongers.
- Of the Providence and Improvidence of Costermongers.
- Of the Costermongers in Bad Weather and during the Cholera.
- Of the Costermongers’ Raffles.
- Of the Markets and Trade Rights of the Costermongers, and of the laws affecting them.
- Of the Removals of Costermongers from the Streets.
- Of the Tricks of Costermongers.
- OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF FISH.
- Of the Kind and Quantities of Fish sold by the London Costermongers.
- TABLE, SHOWING THE QUANTITY, WEIGHT, OR MEASURE OF THE FOLLOWING KINDS OF FISH SOLD IN BILLINGSGATE MARKET IN THE COURSE OF THE YEAR:
- Of the Costermongers’ Fish Season.
- Billingsgate.
- Of the Forestalling of Markets and the Billingsgate Bummarees.
- Of “Wet” Fish-sellers in the Streets.
- Of Sprat-selling in the Streets.
- Of Shell-Fish Sellers in the Streets.
- Of Shrimp Selling in the Streets.
- Of Oyster Selling in the Streets.
- Of Periwinkle Selling in the Streets.
- Of “Dry” Fish Selling in the Streets.
- Gross Value of the several Kinds of Fish annually Sold in the Streets of London.
- OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.
- Of the Kinds and Quantity of Fruit and Vegetables sold in the Streets.
- A TABLE SHOWING THE QUANTITY OR MEASURE OF THE UNDERMENTIONED HOME-GROWN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SOLD THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, WHOLESALE, IN THE METROPOLITAN “GREEN” MARKETS, WITH THE PROPORTION SOLD RETAIL IN THE STREETS.
- Table, showing the Quantity or Measure of the undermentioned Foreign Green Fruits and Vegetables sold Wholesale throughout the Year in London, with the Proportion sold Retail in the Streets.
- Table, showing the Quantity of “Dry” Fruit sold wholesale in London throughout the Year, with the proportion Sold retail in the Streets.
- Of the Fruit and Vegetable Season of the Costermongers.
- Of Covent Garden Market.
- Of “Green” Fruit Selling in the Streets.
- Of the Orange and Nut Market.
- Of Orange and Lemon Selling in the Streets.
- Of Nut Selling in the Streets.
- Of Roasted Chestnuts and Apples.
- Of “Dry” Fruit Selling in the Streets.
- Of the Street-sale of Vegetables.
- Of the “Aristocratic” Vegetable-Sale.
- Of Onion Selling in the Streets.
- Of Pot-Herbs and Celery.
- Gross Value of the Fruit and Vegetables Sold Annually in the London Streets.
- OF THE STATIONARY STREET-SELLERS OF FISH, FRUIT, AND VEGETABLES.
- Of the Number of Street Stalls.
- Of the Character of the Street-Stalls.
- Of Fruit-stall Keepers.
- Of a Public Meeting of Street-sellers.
- OF THE STREET-IRISH.
- Of the Causes which have made the Irish turn Costermongers.
- How the Street-Irish displanted the Street-Jews in the Orange Trade.
- Of the Religion of the Street-Irish.
- Of the Education, Literature, Amusements, and Politics of the Street-irish.
- The Homes of the Street-Irish.
- Irish Lodging-houses for Immigrants.
- Of the Diet, Drink, and Expense Of Living of the Street-Irish.
- Of the Resources of the Street-Irish as regards “Stock-Money,” Sickness, Burials, &c.
- Of the History of some Irish street-sellers.
- Of the Irish “Refuse”-Sellers.
- OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF GAME, POULTRY (LIVE AND DEAD), RABBITS, BUTTER, CHEESE, AND EGGS.
- Of the Quantity of Game, Rabbits, and Poultry, sold in the Streets.
- Of the Street-Purchasers of Game and Poultry.
- Of the Experience of a Game Hawker.
- Statement of Two Poultry Hawkers.
- Of the Street Sale of Live Poultry.
- Of Rabbit Selling in the Streets.
- Of the Street Sale of Butter, Cheese, and Eggs.
- OF THE SELLERS OF TREES, SHRUBS, FLOWERS (CUT AND IN POTS), ROOTS, SEEDS, AND BRANCHES.
- Of the Quantity of Shrubs, “Roots,” Flowers, etc., sold in the Streets, and of the Buyers.
- TABLE SHOWING THE QUANTITY OF TREES, SHRUBS, FLOWERS, ROOTS, AND BRANCHES SOLD ANNUALLY, WHOLESALE, AT THE METROPOLITAN MARKETS, AND THE PROPORTION RETAILED IN THE STREETS.[6]
- Of the Street Sale of Trees and Shrubs.
- The London Flower Girls.
- Of Two Orphan Flower Girls.
- Of the Life of a Flower Girl.
- Of the Street Sale of Lavender.
- Cut Flowers.
- Of the Street Sale of Flowers in Pots, Roots, etc.
- Of the Street Sale of Seeds.
- Of Christmasing—Laurel, Ivy, Holly, and Mistletoe.
- Of the Sale of May, Palm, etc.
- STREET-SELLERS OF GREEN STUFF.
- Of Watercress-selling, in Farringdon-market.
- Of the Street-sellers of Water-cress.
- Watercress Girl.
- A Table Showing the Quantity of Watercresses Sold Wholesale throughout the Year in London, with the Proportion Retailed in the Streets.
- Of Groundsel and Chickweed Sellers.
- Of Turf Cutting and Selling.
- Of the Experience and Customers of a Turf-Cutter.
- Of Plantain-Sellers.
- OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF EATABLES AND DRINKABLES.
- Of the Street-sellers of Pea-Soup and Hot Eels.
- Of the Experience of a Hot-Eel and Pea-soup Man.
- Of the Street-sellers of Pickled Whelks.
- Of the Customers, etc., of Pickled Whelk-sellers.
- Of the Street Sellers, and of the Preparation of Fried Fish.
- Of the Experience of a Fried Fish-seller, and of the Class of Customers.
- Of the Preparation and Quantity of Sheep’s Trotters, and of the Street-sellers.
- Statements of Sheep’s Trotter Women.
- Of the Street Trade in Baked Potatoes.
- Of “Trotting,” or “Hawking” Butchers.
- Of the Experience of a Hawking Butcher.
- Of the Street-sellers of Ham-Sandwiches.
- Of the Experience of a Ham Sandwich-seller.
- Of the Street-sellers of Bread.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Hot Green Peas.
- Of the Experience of a Hot Green Pea Seller.
- Of Cats’ and Dogs’-meat Dealers.
- Of the Street-sale of Drinkables.
- Of Coffee-stall Keepers.
- Of the Street Sale of Ginger-beer, Sherbet, Lemonade, &c.
- Of the Experience and Customers of a Ginger-beer Seller.
- Of the Street-sellers of Hot Elder Wine.
- Of the Street Sale of Peppermint-Water.
- Of Milk Selling in St. James’s Park.
- Of the Street Sale of Milk.
- Of the Street-Sale of Curds and Whey.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Rice-milk.
- Of Water-Carriers.
- Of the Street-sellers of Pastry And Confectionary.
- Of Street Piemen.
- Of the Street-sellers of Boiled Puddings.
- Of the Street-sellers of Plum “Duff” or Dough.
- Of the Street-sellers of Cakes, Tarts, &c.
- Of other Cake-sellers in the Streets.
- Of the Street-sellers of Gingerbread-nuts, &c.
- Of the Street-sellers of Hot-Cross Buns, and of Chelsea Buns.
- Of Muffin and Crumpet-selling in the Streets.
- Of the Street Sale of Sweet-stuff.
- Of the Customers of the Sweet-stuff Street-sellers.
- Of the Street-sellers of Cough Drops and of Medical Confectionary.
- Of the Street-sellers of Ices and of Ice Creams.
- OF THE CAPITAL AND INCOME OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF EATABLES AND DRINKABLES.
- Capital, or Stock in Trade, of the Street-sellers of Eatables and Drinkables.
- Income, or “Takings,” of Street-sellers of Eatables and Drinkables.
- OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF STATIONERY, LITERATURE, AND THE FINE ARTS.
- Of the former and present Street-patterers.
- Of the Habits, Opinions, Morals, and Religion of Patterers generally.
- Of the Publishers and Authors of Street-Literature.
- Of Long Song-sellers.
- Of Running Patterers.
- Experience of a Running Patterer.
- Of the Recent Experience of a Running Patterer.
- Of the Chaunters.
- Of the Experience of a Chaunter.
- Of the Death and Fire Hunters.
- Of the Sellers of Second Editions.
- Of the Standing Patterers.
- Experience of a Standing Patterer.
- Of Political Litanies, Dialogues, etc.
- Of “Cocks,” etc.
- Of “Strawing.”
- Of the Sham Indecent Street-trade.
- Of Religious Tract Sellers.
- Of a Benefit Society of Patterers.
- Of the Abodes, Tricks, Marriage, Character, and Characteristics of the Different Grades of Patterers.
- Of the Low Lodging-houses of London.
- Of the Filth, Dishonesty, and Immorality of Low Lodging-houses.
- Of the Children in Low Lodging-houses.
- Of the Low Lodging-houses throughout the Country.
- Of the Street Stationers, and the Street Card-sellers.
- Of the Seller of the Penny Short-hand Cards.
- The Lecture.
- Of the Sellers of Race Cards and Lists.
- Of the Street-sellers of Gelatine, of Engraved, and of Playing Cards, &c.
- Of the Street-sellers of Stationery.
- Of the Experience of a Street-stationer.
- Of a “reduced” Gentlewoman, and a “reduced” Tradesman, as Street-sellers of Stationery.
- Of the Street-sale of Memorandum-books and Almanacks.
- Of the Street-sale of Pocket-books and Diaries.
- Of the Street-sellers of Songs.
- Of the Street “Pinners-up,” or Wall Song-sellers.
- Of Ancient and Modern Street Ballad Minstrelsy.
- Of Street “Ballads on a Subject.”
- Of the Street Poets and Authors.
- Of the Experience of a Street Author, or Poet.
- Of the Street-sellers of Broad-Sheets.
- Of the “Gallows” Literature of the Streets.
- COPY OF VERSES.
- Of the Street-sellers of Conundrums.
- Of the Street-sellers of Comic Exhibitions, Magical Delusions, &c.
- Of the Street-sellers of Play-Bills.
- Of the Street-sellers of Periodicals, Pamphlets, Tracts, Books, etc.
- Of the Street-sale of Back Numbers.
- Of the Sale of Waste Newspapers at Billingsgate.
- Of the Sale of Periodicals on the Steam-boats and Steam-boat Piers.
- Of the Sale of Newspapers, Books, &c., at the Railway Stations.
- Of the Street Booksellers.
- Of the Character of Books of the Street-sale.
- Of the Experience of a Street Book-seller.
- Of Street Book-auctioneers.
- Of the Street-sale of Song-books, and of Children’s Books.
- Of the Street-sellers of Account-books.
- Of the Street-sellers of Guide-books, &c.
- Of the Street-sellers of Fine Arts.
- Of Street Art.
- Of the Street-sellers of Engravings, etc., in Umbrellas, etc.
- Of the Street-sellers of Pictures in Frames.
- Of the Street-sellers of Manuscript and other Music.
- OF THE CAPITAL AND INCOME OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF STATIONERY, LITERATURE, AND THE FINE ARTS.
- Capital or Value of the Stock-in-Trade of the Street-sellers of Stationery, Literature and the Fine Arts.
- Income, or average annual “takings,” of the Street-sellers of Stationery, Literature, and the Fine Arts.
- An Epitome of the Pattering Class.
- SURREY AND SUSSEX.
- KENT.
- ESSEX.
- HERTS AND BEDFORDSHIRE.
- SUFFOLK AND NORFOLK.
- Of the “Screevers,” or Writers of Begging-Letters and Petitions.
- Of the Probable Means of Reformation.
- OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.
- Of the Street-sellers of Manufactured Articles in Metal.
- Of the Cheap Johns, or Street Hansellers.
- The Crippled Street-seller of Nutmeg-graters.
- Of the Swag-shops of the Metropolis.
- Of the Life of a Cheap-John.
- The Street-Sellers of Cutlery.
- Of the Blind Street-sellers of Tailors’ Needles, etc.
- The Public-House Hawkers of Metal Spoons, etc.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Jewellery.
- Of The Pedlar-Jewellers.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Card-Counters, Medals, etc.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Rings and Sovereigns for Wagers.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Children’s Gilt Watches.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Tinware.
- Of the Life of a Tin-Ware Seller.
- Of the Street-sellers of Dog-Collars.
- Of the Life of a Street-Seller of Dog-Collars.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Tools.
- Of the Beggar Street-Sellers.
- ‘THE LACE-MAKERS’ APPEAL.
- Of the “House of Lords,” a Street-Seller’s Defunct Club.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Crockery and Glass-Wares.
- Of the “Swag,” Crockery, and Glass Shops.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Spar and China Ornaments, and of Stone Fruit.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Textile Fabrics.
- Of the Haberdashery Swag-Shops.
- Of Hawkers, Pedlars, and Petty Chapmen.
- Of the Packmen, or Hawkers of Soft Wares.
- Statement of a Packman.
- Of the Tally Packman.
- Of the “Duffers” or Hawkers of Pretended Smuggled Goods.
- Of the Street-Sellers of “Small-Ware,” or Tape, Cotton, etc.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Lace.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Japanned Table-Covers.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Braces, Belts, Hose, Trowser-straps, and Waistcoats.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Boot and Stay-Laces, &c.
- Of a Blind Female Seller of “Small-Wares.”
- The Blind Street-Seller of Boot-Laces.
- Of the Life of a Blind boot-lace Seller.
- Of the Low Lodging-Houses.
- Statement of a Young Pickpocket.
- Statement of a Prostitute.
- Statement of a Beggar.
- Meeting of Thieves.
- Of the Country Lodging-Houses.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Chemical Articles of Manufacture.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Blacking, Black Lead, etc.
- Of the Street-Sellers of French Polish.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Grease-removing Compositions.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Corn-Salve.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Glass and China Cement, and of Razor Paste.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Crackers and Detonating Balls.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Lucifer-Matches.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Cigar Lights, or Fuzees.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Gutta-Percha Heads.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Fly-Papers and Beetle-Wafers.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Walking-Sticks.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Whips, etc.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Pipes, and of Snuff and Tobacco Boxes.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Cigars.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Sponge.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Wash-Leathers.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Spectacles and Eye-Glasses.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Dolls.
- Of the “Swag-Barrowmen,” and “Lot-Sellers.”
- Of the Street-Sellers of Roulette Boxes.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Poison for Rats.
- Of the Street-Sellers of Rhubarb and Spice.
- Of the Hawking of Tea.
- OF THE WOMEN STREET-SELLERS.
- Of a Single Woman, as a Street-Seller.
- Of a Mechanic’s Wife, as a Street-Seller.
- Of an Irishwoman, as a Street-Seller.
- Of a Widow, a Street-Seller.
- Of the Children Street-Sellers of London.
- Of Children sent out as Street-Sellers by their Parents.
- Of a “Neglected” Child, a Street-Seller.
- Of a Hired Coster Boy.
- Of an Orphan Boy, a Street-Seller.
- Of the Life of an Orphan Girl, a Street-Seller.
- Of Two Runaway Street-Boys.
- OF THE CAPITAL AND INCOME OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.
- Income of the Street-Sellers of Manufactured Articles.
- ERRATA.
- INDEX.
- FOOTNOTES
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