Steam, Its Generation and Use
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Chapters (186)(click to expand)
- Steam: its Generation and Use
- STEAM ITS GENERATION AND USE
- THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. NEW YORK
- THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.
- 85 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. A.
- Works
- Officers
- Branch Offices
- Export Department, New York: Alberto de Verastegni, Director
- TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: FOR NEW YORK, “GLOVEBOXES” FOR HAVANA, “BABCOCK”
- BABCOCK & WILCOX Limited
- ORIEL HOUSE, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, E. C. WORKS: RENFREW, SCOTLAND
- Directors
- Branch Offices in Great Britain
- Offices Abroad
- Representatives and Licensees in
- TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS FOR ALL OFFICES EXCEPT BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA: “BABCOCK” FOR BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA: “BOILER”
- FONDERIES ET ATELIERS DE LA COURNEUVE CHAUDIÈRES
- BABCOCK & WILCOX
- 6 RUE LAFERRIÈRE, PARIS WORKS: SEINE—LA COURNEUVE
- Directors
- Branch Offices
- REPRESENTATIVE FOR SWITZERLAND: SPOERRI & CIE, ZURICH TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: “BABCOCK-PARIS”
- THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE GENERATION AND USE OF STEAM
- BRIEF HISTORY OF WATER-TUBE BOILERS[1]
- Blakey, 1766
- John Stevens, 1804
- John Cox Stevens, 1805
- Joseph Eve, 1825
- Gurney, 1826
- Stephen Wilcox, 1856
- Twibill, 1865
- FOOTNOTES
- REQUIREMENTS OF STEAM BOILERS
- REQUIREMENTS OF A PERFECT STEAM BOILER
- THE CIRCULATION OF WATER IN STEAM BOILERS
- Fig. 1
- Fig. 2
- Fig. 3
- Fig. 4
- Fig. 5
- Fig. 6
- Fig. 7
- Fig. 8 [Developed to show Circulation]
- Fig. 9
- Fig. 10
- EVOLUTION OF THE BABCOCK & WILCOX WATER-TUBE BOILER
- No. 1
- No. 4
- No. 5
- No. 6
- No. 7
- No. 8
- No. 9
- No. 10
- No. 11
- No. 12
- No. 13
- No. 14
- No. 15
- No. 16
- No. 17
- No. 18
- No. 19
- No. 20A
- No. 20B
- No. 21
- No. 22
- No. 23
- THE BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILER
- Forged-steel Drumhead with Manhole Plate in Position
- Forged-steel Drumhead Interior
- Forged-steel Drum Nozzle
- Forged-steel Cross Box
- Inside Handhole Fittings Wrought-steel Vertical Header
- Wrought-steel Vertical Header
- Wrought-steel Inclined Header
- Inside Handhole Fitting Wrought-steel Inclined Header
- Cast-iron Vertical Header
- Cross Drum Boiler Front
- Automatic Drumhead Stop and Check Valve
- Partial Vertical Section Showing Method of Introducing Feed Water
- Closed
- Open
- Patented Side Dusting Doors
- ADVANTAGES OF THE BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILER
- WATER-TUBE VERSUS FIRE-TUBE BOILERS
- BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILERS AS COMPARED WITH OTHER WATER-TUBE DESIGNS
- HEAT AND ITS MEASUREMENT
- Fig. 11
- Fig. 12
- Fig. 13
- FOOTNOTES
- THE THEORY OF STEAM MAKING
- [Extracts from a Lecture delivered by George H. Babcock, at Cornell University, 1887[10]]
- FOOTNOTES
- PROPERTIES OF WATER
- FOOTNOTES
- BOILER FEED WATER
- FOOTNOTES
- FEED WATER HEATING AND METHODS OF FEEDING
- STEAM
- Fig. 15. Graphic Method of Determining Moisture Contained in Steam from Calorimeter Readings
- MOISTURE IN STEAM
- Fig. 14. Throttling Calorimeter and Sampling Nozzle
- Fig. 16. Compact Throttling Calorimeter
- Fig. 17. Separating Calorimeter
- Fig. 18. Stott and Pigott Sampling Nozzle
- Fig. 19. Illustrating the Manner in which Erroneous Calorimeter Readings may be Obtained due to Improper Location of Sampling Nozzle
- FOOTNOTES
- SUPERHEATED STEAM
- FOOTNOTES
- PROPERTIES OF AIR
- COMBUSTION
- FOOTNOTES
- ANALYSIS OF FLUE GASES
- Fig. 20. Loss Due to Heat Carried Away by Chimney Gases for Varying Percentages of Carbon Dioxide. Based on Boiler Room Temperature = 80 Degrees Fahrenheit. Nitrogen in Flue Gas = 80.5 Per Cent. Carbon Monoxide in Flue Gas = 0. Per Cent
- Fig. 21. Loss Due to Unconsumed Carbon Contained in the CO in the Flue Gases
- Fig. 22. Orsat Apparatus
- FOOTNOTES
- CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS
- (WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO COAL)
- FOOTNOTES
- THE DETERMINATION OF HEATING VALUES OF FUELS
- Fig. 23. Graphic Representation of Relation between Heat Value Per Pound of Combustible and Fixed Carbon in Combustible as Deduced by Wm. Kent.
- Fig. 24. Mahler Bomb Calorimeter
- Fig. 25. Graphic Method of Recording Bomb Calorimeter Results
- FOOTNOTES
- COMBUSTION OF COAL
- Fig. 26. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler and Superheater Equipped with Babcock & Wilcox Chain Grate Stoker. This Setting has been Particularly Successful in Minimizing Smoke
- SOLID FUELS OTHER THAN COAL AND THEIR COMBUSTION
- Fig. 27. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Set with Green Bagasse Furnace
- FOOTNOTES
- LIQUID FUELS AND THEIR COMBUSTION
- Fig. 28. Peabody Oil Burner
- Fig. 30. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Set with Combination Oil and Wood-burning Furnace
- FOOTNOTES
- GASEOUS FUELS AND THEIR COMBUSTION
- FOOTNOTES
- UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT
- Fig. 31. Curve Showing Relation Between Gas Temperature, Heating Surface passed over, and Amount of Steam Generated. Ten Square Feet of Heating Surface are Assumed as Equivalent to One Boiler Horse Power
- Fig. 32. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Arranged for Utilizing Waste Heat from Open Hearth Furnace. This Setting may be Modified to Take Care of Practically any Kind of Waste Gas
- FOOTNOTES
- CHIMNEYS AND DRAFT
- Fig. 33. Diameter of Stacks and Horse Power they will Serve
- Fig. 34. Draft Required at Different Combustion Rates for Various Kinds of Coal
- Fig. 35. U-tube Draft Gauge
- Fig. 36. Barrus Draft Gauge
- Fig. 37. Ellison Draft Gauge
- Fig. 38. Peabody Draft Gauge
- FOOTNOTES
- EFFICIENCY AND CAPACITY OF BOILERS
- Fig. 39. Efficiency Chart. Calculated from Marks and Davis Tables
- 1. OBJECT [Pg 267]
- 2. PREPARATIONS
- 3. FUEL
- 4. APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS[63]
- 5. OPERATING CONDITIONS [Pg 269]
- 6. DURATION
- 7. STARTING AND STOPPING
- 8. RECORDS
- 9. QUALITY OF STEAM[67]
- 10. SAMPLING AND DRYING COAL
- 11. ASHES AND REFUSE
- 12. CALORIFIC TESTS AND ANALYSES OF COAL
- 13. ANALYSES OF FLUE GASES
- 14. SMOKE OBSERVATIONS[71]
- 15. CALCULATION OF RESULTS
- 16. DATA AND RESULTS
- 17. CHART
- 18. TESTS WITH OIL AND GAS FUELS
- FOOTNOTES
- THE SELECTION OF BOILERS WITH A CONSIDERATION OF THE FACTORS DETERMINING SUCH SELECTION
- Fig. 40. Approximate Variation of Efficiency with Capacity under Test Conditions
- FOOTNOTES
- OPERATION AND CARE OF BOILERS
- Fig. 41
- BRICKWORK BOILER SETTINGS
- FOOTNOTES
- BOILER ROOM PIPING
- FOOTNOTES
- FLOW OF STEAM THROUGH PIPES AND ORIFICES
- FOOTNOTES
- HEAT TRANSFER
- FOOTNOTES
- INDEX
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