Woman and Socialism
by August Bebel
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About This Book
In 1879 Bebel published his book Woman and Socialism, which was considered an important theoretical work that also helped gain interest in Marxist ideas in Germany. Bebel argues that the social emancipation of women is an integral part of transforming social relations and overthrowing capitalism. Woman and Socialism has had some 50 editions in many languages.
Chapters (573)
- WOMAN AND SOCIALISM
- Introduction.
- Woman in the Past.
- CHAPTER I. The Position of Woman in Primeval Society.
- 1.—Chief Epochs of Primeval History.
- 2.—Family Forms.
- 3.—The Matriarchate.
- CHAPTER II. Conflict between Matriarchate and Patriarchate.
- 1.—Rise of the Patriarchate.
- 2.—Traces of the Matriarchate in Greek Myths and Dramas.
- 3.—Legitimate Wives and Courtesans in Athens.
- 4.—Remnants of the Matriarchate in the Customs of Various Nations.
- 5.—Rise of the State.—Dissolution of the Gens in Rome.
- CHAPTER III. Christianity.
- CHAPTER IV. Woman in the Mediaeval Age.
- 1.—The Position of Women among the Germans.
- 2.—Feudalism and the Right of the First Night.
- 3.—The Rise of Cities.—Monastic Affairs.—Prostitution.
- 4.—Knighthood and the Veneration of Women.
- CHAPTER V. The Reformation.
- 1.—Luther.
- 2.—Results of the Reformation.—The Thirty Years’ War.
- CHAPTER VI. The Eighteenth Century.
- 1.—Court Life in Germany.
- 2.—Commercialism and the New Marriage Laws.
- 3.—The French Revolution and the Rise of Industry.
- Woman at the Present Day.
- CHAPTER VII. Woman as a Sex Being.
- 1.—The Sexual Impulse.
- 2.—Celibacy and the Frequency of Suicide.
- CHAPTER VIII. Modern Marriage.
- 1.—Marriage as a Profession.
- 2.—Decline of the Birthrate.
- 3.—Mercenary Marriage and the Matrimonial Market.
- CHAPTER IX. Disruption of the Family.
- 1.—Increase of Divorce.
- 2.—Bourgeois and Proletarian Marriage.
- CHAPTER X. Marriage as a Means of Support.
- 1.—Decline of the Marriage Rate.
- 2.—Infanticide and Abortion.
- 3.—Education for Marriage.
- 4.—The Misery of Present Day Marriages.
- CHAPTER XI. The Chances of Matrimony.
- 1.—The Numerical Proportion of the Sexes.
- 2.—Obstacles to Marriage.—The Excess of Women.
- CHAPTER XII. Prostitution a Necessary Social Institution of Bourgeois Society.
- 1.—Prostitution and Society.
- 2.—Prostitution and the State.
- 3.—The White Slave Trade.
- 4.—The Increase of Prostitution.—Illegitimate Motherhood.
- 5.—Crimes Against Morality and Sexual Diseases.
- CHAPTER XIII. Woman in Industry.
- 1.—Development and Extension of Female Labor.
- 2.—Factory Work of Married Women.—Sweatshop Labor and Dangerous Occupations.
- CHAPTER XIV. The Struggle of Women for Education.
- 1.—The Revolution in Domestic Life.
- 2.—The Intellectual Abilities of Women.
- 3.—Differences in Physical and Mental Qualities of Man and Woman.
- 4.—Darwinism and the Condition of Society.
- 5.—Woman and the Learned Professions.
- CHAPTER XV. The Legal Status of Women.
- 1.—The Struggle for Equality Before the Law.
- 2.—The Struggle for Political Equality.
- The State and Society.
- CHAPTER XVI. The Class-State and the Modern Proletariat.
- 1.—Our Public Life.
- 2.—Aggravation of Social Extremes.
- CHAPTER XVII. The Process of Concentration in Capitalistic Industry.
- 1.—The Displacement of Agriculture by Industry.
- 2.—Increasing Pauperization.—Preponderance of Large Industrial Establishments.
- 3.—Concentration of Wealth.
- CHAPTER XVIII. Crisis and Competition.
- 1.—Causes and Effects of the Crises.
- 2.—Intermediate Trade and the Increased Cost of Living.
- CHAPTER XIX. The Revolution in Agriculture.
- 1.—Transatlantic Competition and Desertion of the Country.
- 2.—Peasants and Great Landowners.
- 3.—The Contrast Between City and Country.
- The Socialization of Society.
- CHAPTER XX. The Social Revolution.
- 1.—The Transformation of Society.
- 2.—Expropriation of the Expropriators.
- CHAPTER XXI. Fundamental Laws of Socialistic Society.
- 1.—Duty to Work of All Able-bodied Persons.
- 2.—Harmony of Interests.
- 3.—Organization of Labor.
- 4.—The Growth of the Productivity of Labor.
- 5.—Removal of the Contrast between Mental and Manual Work.
- 6.—Increase of Consumption.
- 7.—Equal Duty to Work for All.
- 8.—Abolition of Trade.—Transformation of Traffic.
- CHAPTER XXII. Socialism and Agriculture.
- 1.—Abolition of the Private Ownership of Land.
- 2.—The Amelioration of Land.
- 3.—Changed Methods of Farming.
- 4.—Agriculture on a Large and Small Scale.—Electric Appliances.
- 5.—Vine-Culture of the Future.
- 6.—Measures to Prevent Exhaustion of the Soil.
- 7.—Removal of the Contrast between City and Country.
- CHAPTER XXIII. Abolition of the State.
- CHAPTER XXIV. The Future of Religion.
- CHAPTER XXV. The Socialist System of Education.
- CHAPTER XXVI. Literature and Art in Socialistic Society.
- CHAPTER XXVII. Free Development of Individuality.
- 1.—Freedom from Care.
- 2.—Changes in the Methods of Nutrition.
- 3.—The Communistic Kitchen.
- 4.—Transformation of Domestic Life.
- CHAPTER XXVIII. Woman in the Future.
- CHAPTER XXIX. Internationality.
- CHAPTER XXX. The Question of Population and Socialism.
- 1.—Fear of Over-Population.
- 2.—Production of Over-Population.
- 3.—Poverty and Fecundity.
- 4.—Lack of Human Beings and Abundance of Food.
- 5.—Social Conditions and Reproductive Ability.
- Conclusion.
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