New Word-Analysis / Or, School Etymology of English Derivative Words
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Chapters (393)
- NEW WORD-ANALYSIS:
- SCHOOL ETYMOLOGY OF ENGLISH DERIVATIVE WORDS. WITH PRACTICAL EXERCISES
- SPELLING, ANALYZING, DEFINING, SYNONYMS, AND THE USE OF WORDS.
- NEW YORK ·:· CINCINNATI ·:· CHICAGO
- AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
- PREFACE.
- CONTENTS.
- PART I.
- PART II.
- PART III.
- PART IV.
- PART V.
- WORD-ANALYSIS.
- PART I.—INTRODUCTION.
- I.—ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
- II.—ETYMOLOGICAL CLASSES OF WORDS.
- III.—PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.
- EXERCISE.
- IV.—RULES OF SPELLING USED IN FORMING DERIVATIVE WORDS.
- Rule 1.—Final "e" followed by a Vowel.
- Rule II.—Final "e" followed by a Consonant.
- Rule III.—Final "y" preceded by a Consonant.
- Rule IV.—Final "y" preceded by a Vowel.
- Rule V.—Doubling.
- Rule VI.—No Doubling.
- PART II.—THE LATIN ELEMENT.
- I.—LATIN PREFIXES.
- II.—LATIN SUFFIXES.
- CLASSIFIED REVIEW OF LATIN SUFFIXES, WITH GENERIC DEFINITIONS.
- II.
- III.
- EXERCISE. I.
- 1. Nouns.
- 2. Verbs.
- 3. Adjectives.
- 1. Nouns.
- 2. Verbs.
- 3. Adjectives.
- II.
- III.
- III.—DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF LATIN DERIVATIVES.
- Pronunciation of Latin Words.
- LATIN ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.
- DIVISION I.—METHOD OF STUDY.
- 1. AG'ERE: a'go, ac'tum, to do, to drive.
- EXERCISE.
- 2. ALIE'NUS, another, foreign.
- EXERCISE.
- 3. AMA'RE, to love, AMI'CUS, a friend.
- EXERCISE.
- 4. AN'IMUS, mind, passion; AN'IMA, life.
- EXERCISE.
- 5. AN'NUS, a year.
- EXERCISE.
- 6. ARS, ar'tis, art, skill.
- EXERCISE.
- 7. AUDI'RE: au'dio, audi'tum, to hear.
- EXERCISE.
- 8. CA'PUT, cap'itis, the head.
- EXERCISE.
- 9. CI'VIS, a citizen.
- EXERCISE.
- 10. COR, cor'dis, the heart.
- EXERCISE.
- 11. COR'PUS, cor'poris, the body.
- EXERCISE.
- 12. CRED'ERE: cre'do, cred'itum, to believe.
- EXERCISE.
- 13. CUR'RERE: cur'ro, cur'sum, to run.
- EXERCISE.
- 14. DIG'NUS, worthy.
- EXERCISE.
- 15. DOCE'RE: do'ceo, doc'tum, to teach.
- EXERCISE.
- 16. DOM'INUS, a master or lord.
- EXERCISE.
- 17. FI'NIS, an end or limit.
- EXERCISE.
- 18. FLU'ERE: flu'o, flux'um, to flow.
- EXERCISE.
- 19. GREX, gre'gis, a flock or herd.
- EXERCISE.
- 20. I'RE: e'o, i'tum, to go.
- EXERCISE.
- 21. LA'PIS, lap'idis, a stone.
- EXERCISE.
- 22. LEX, le'gis, a law or rule.
- EXERCISE.
- 23. LIT'ERA, a letter.
- EXERCISE.
- 24. MORS, mortis, death.
- EXERCISE.
- 25. NOR'MA, a rule.
- EXERCISE.
- 26. OR'DO, or'dinis, order.
- EXERCISE.
- 27. PARS, par'tis, a part or share.
- EXERCISE.
- 28. PES, pe'dis, a foot.
- EXERCISE.
- 29. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break.
- EXERCISE.
- 30. TEM'PUS, tem'poris, time.
- EXERCISE.
- DIVISION II.—ABBREVIATED LATIN DERIVATIVES.
- 1. A'CER, a'cris, sharp; Acer'bus, bitter; Ac'idus, sour; Ace'tum, vinegar.
- 2. AE'DES, a house.
- 3. Æ'QUUS, equal: Æqua'lis, equal, just.
- 4. Æ'VUM, an age; Æter'nitas, eternal.
- 5. A'GER, a'gri, a field, land.
- 6. AL'ERE: a'lo, al'itum or al'tum, to nourish; ALES'CERE: ales'co to grow up.
- 7. AL'TER, another; Alter'nus, one after another.
- 8. ANTI'QUUS, old, ancient.
- 9. AP'TUS, fit, suitable.
- 10. A'QUA, water.
- 11. AR'BITER, ar'bitri, a judge or umpire.
- 12. AR'BOR, ar'boris, a tree.
- 13. AR'MA, arms, weapons.
- 14. ARTIC'ULUS, a little joint.
- 15. AS'PER, rough.
- 16. AUGE'RE: au'geo, auc'tum, to increase.
- 17. A'VIS, a bird; Au'gur, Aus'pex, aus'picis, a soothsayer.
- 18. BAR'BARUS, savage, uncivilized.
- 19. BIS, twice or two.
- 20. BO'NIS, good; Be'ne, well.
- EXERCISE.
- 21. CAD'ERE: ca'do, ca'sum, to fall.
- 22. CÆD'ERE: cæ'do, cæ'sum, to cut, to kill.
- 23. CAL'CULUS, a pebble.
- 24. CANDE'RE: can'deo, can'ditum, to be white, to shine (literally, to burn, to glow); Can'didus, white.
- 25. CAN'ERE: ca'no, can'tum, to sing; Fr chanter, to sing.
- 26. CAP'ERE: ca'pio, cap'tum, to take.
- 27. CA'RO, carnis, flesh.
- 28. CAU'SA, a cause.
- 29. CAVE'RE: ca'veo, cautum, to beware.
- 30. CA'VUS, hollow.
- 31. CED'ERE: ce'do, ces'sum, to go, to yield.
- 32. CENSE'RE: cen'seo, cen'sum, to weigh, to estimate, to tax.
- 33. CEN'TRUM, the middle point.
- 34. CEN'TUM, a hundred.
- 35. CER'NERE: cer'no, cre'tum, to sift, to see, to judge; Discrimen, discrim'inis, distinction.
- 36. CERTA'RE: cer'to, certa'tum, to contend, to vie.
- 37. CIN'GERE: cin'go, cinc'tum, to gird.
- 38. CIR'CUS, a circle; cir'culus, a little circle.
- 39. CITA'RE: ci'to, cita'tum, to stir up, to rouse.
- 40. CLAMA'RE: cla'mo, clama'tum, to cry out, to shout; Clam'or, a loud cry.
- EXERCISE.
- 41. CLAU'DERE: clau'do, clau'sum, to shut, to close.
- 42. CLINA'RE: cli'no, clina'tum, to bend; Cli'vus, a slope or hill.
- 43. COL'ERE: co'lo, cul'tum, to till, to cultivate (Low Lat. Cultiva're, to cultivate).
- 44. CREA'RE: cre'o, crea'tum, to create.
- 45. CRES'CERE: cres'co, cre'tum, to grow.
- 46. CRUX, cru'cis, a cross.
- 47. CUBA'RE: cu'bo (in compos, cumbo), cub'itum, to lie down.
- 48. CU'RA, care.
- 49. DA'RE: do, da'tum, to give.
- 50. DEBE'RE: de'beo, deb'itum, to owe.
- 51. DE'CEM, ten; Dec'imus, the tenth.
- 52. DENS, den'tis, a tooth.
- 53. DE'US, a God; Divi'nus, relating to God, divine.
- 54. DIC'ERE: di'co, dio'tum, to say.
- 55. DI'ES, a day; French jour, a day.
- 56. DIVID'ERE: div'ido, divi'sum, to divide, to separate.
- 57. DOLE'RE: do'leo, doli'tum, to grieve.
- 58. DU'CERE: du'co, duc'tum, to lead, to bring forward.
- 59. DU'O, two.
- 60. DU'RUS, hard, lasting; DURA'RE: du'ro, dura'tum, to last.
- EXERCISE.
- 62. ERRA'RE: er'ro, erra'tum, to wander.
- 63. ES'SE, to be; en, en'tis, being.
- 64. FA'CERE: fa'cio, fac'tum, to do or make; French Faire.
- 65. FAL'LERE: fal'lo, fal'sum, to deceive; French Faillir, to fall short or do amiss.
- 66. FA'NUM, a temple.
- 67. FA'RI, fa'tus, to speak.
- 68. FATE'RI: fa'teor, fas'sus (in comp. fes'sus), to acknowledge, to show.
- 69. FELIX, feli'cis, happy.
- 70. FEN'DERE: fen'do, fen'sum, to keep off, to strike.6
- 71. FER'RE: fe'ro, la'tum, to bear, to carry.
- 72. FERVE'RE: fer'veo, to boil; Fermen'tum, leaven.
- 73. FES'TUS, joyful, merry.
- 74. FID'ERE: fi'do, to trust; Fi'des, faith; Fide'lis, trusty.
- 75. FI'GERE: fi'go, fix'um, to join, fix, pierce.
- 76. FIN'GERE: fin'go, fic'tum, to form, to feign; Figu'ra, a shape.
- 77. FIR'MUS, strong, stable.
- 78. FLAM'MA, a stream of fire.
- EXERCISE.
- 79. FLEC'TERE: flec'to, flex'um, to bend.
- 80. FLOS, flo'ris, a flower.
- 81. FŒ'DUS, fœd'eris, a league or treaty.
- 82. FO'LIUM, a leaf.
- 83. FOR'MA, shape, form.
- 84. FOR'TIS, strong.
- 85. FRAN'GERE: fran'go, frac'tum, to break; Fra'gilis, easily broken.
- 86. FRA'TER, fra'tris, a brother; Frater'nus, brotherly.
- 87. FRONS, fron'tis, the forehead.
- 88 FRU'OR: fruc'tus, to enjoy; Fru'ges, corn; French Fruit, fruit.
- 89. FU'GERE: fu'gio, fu'gitum, to flee.
- 90. FU'MUS, smoke.
- 91. FUN'DERE: fun'do, fu'sum, to pour.
- 92. GER'ERE: ge'ro, ges'tum, to bear or carry.
- 93. GIG'NERE: gig'no, gen'itum, to beget; Gens, gen'tis, a clan or nation, Ge'nus, gen'eris, a kind.
- 94. GRA'DI: gra'dior, gres'sus, to walk.
- 95. GRA'TUS, thankful, pleasing.
- 96. GRA'VIS, heavy.
- 97. HABE'RE: ha'beo, hab'itum, to have or hold; HABITA'RE, hab'ito, habita'tum, to use frequently, to dwell.
- 98. HÆRE'RE: hæ'reo, hæ'sum, to stick.
- 99. HÆRES, hære'dis, an heir or heiress; French Hériter, to be heir to.
- 100. HO'MO, hom'inis, a man; Huma'nus, human.
- EXERCISE.
- 101. HU'MUS, the earth; Hu'milis, on the ground, lowly.
- 102. JA'CERE: ja'cio, jac'tum, to throw or cast.
- 103. JUN'GERE: jun'go, junc'tum, to join; Ju'gum, a yoke.
- 104. JURA'RE: ju'ro, jura'tum, to swear.
- 105. JUS, ju'ris, right law; Jus'tus, lawful; Ju'dex, ju'dicis, a judge.
- 106. LE'GERE: le'go, lec'tum, to gather, to read.
- 107. LEVA'RE: le'vo, leva'tum, to raise; Le'vis, easily raised, light; French Lever, to rise or raise.
- 108. LI'BER, free.
- 109. LO'CUS: a place.
- 110. LO'QUI: lo'quor, locu'tus, to speak.
- 111. LU'DERE: lu'do, lu'sum, to play or deceive.
- 112. LUX, lu'cis, light; Lu'men, lu'minis, light.
- 113. MAG'NUS, great; Ma'jor, greater; Magis'ter, master.
- 114. MA'NUS, the hand; French Main, the hand.
- 115. MA'RE, the sea.
- 116. ME'DIUS, the middle.
- 117. MENINIS'SE: mem'ini, to remember; Me'mor, mindful; MEMORA'RE mem'oro, memora'tum, to remember, to mention.
- 118. MENS, men'tis, the mind.
- EXERCISE.
- 119. MER'CES, hire; Merx, mer'cis, merchandise.
- 120. MER'GERE: mer'go, mer'sum, to dip, to sink.
- 121. MIGRA'RE: migro, migra'tum, to remove.
- 122. MI'LES, mil'itis, a soldier.
- 123. MINE'RE: min'eo, min'itum, to hang over.
- 124. MINU'ERE: min'uo, minu'tum, to lessen; Mi'nor, less; Mi'nus, less.
- 125. MINIS'TER, a servant or attendant.
- 126. MIRA'RI: mi'ror, mira'tus, to wonder.
- 127. MISCE'RE: mis'ceo, mix'tum, to mingle.
- 128. MI'SER, wretched.
- 129. MIT'TERE: mit'to, mis'sum, to send or cast.
- 130. MODERA'RI: mod'eror, modera'tus, to keep within bounds; Mo'dus, a measure or manner.
- 131. MONE'RE: mo'neo, mon'itum, to remind, to warn.
- 132. MONS, mon'tis, a mountain.
- 133. MONSTRA'RE: mon'stro, monstra'tum, to point out, to show.
- 134. MORDE'RE: mor'deo, mor'sum, to bite.
- 135. MOS, mo'ris, manner, custom; pl. Mo'res, manners or morals.
- 136. MOVE'RE: mo'veo, mo'tum, to move.
- 137. MUL'TUS, multi, many, much.
- 138. MU'NUS, mu'neris, a gift, a service.
- 139. MUTA'RE: mu'to, muta'tum, to change.
- 140. NAS'CI: nas'cor, na'tus, to be born, to grow; Natu'ra, nature.
- 141. NA'VIS, a ship.
- 142. NEC'TERE: nec'to, nex'um, to tie or bind.
- EXERCISE.
- 143. NEGA'RE: ne'go, nega'tum, to deny.
- 144. NEU'TER, neu'trum, neither of the two.
- 145. NOCE'RE: no'ceo, no'citum, to hurt.
- 146. NO'MEN, nom'inis, a name.
- 147. NOS'CERE: nos'co, no'tum, to know; No'ta, a mark.
- 148. NO'VUS, new.
- 149. NU'MERUS, a number.
- 150. NUNCIA'RE: nuncio, nuncia'tum, to announce; Nun'cius, a messenger.
- 151. NUTRI'RE: nu'trio, nutri'tum, to nourish.
- 152. O'PUS, op'eris, a work or deed; OPERA'RI, opera'tus, to work.
- 153. PAN'DERE: pan'do, pan'sum, and pas'sum, to spread; Pas'sus, a step.
- 154. PAR, equal.
- 155. PARA'RE. pa'ro, para'tum, to make ready, to prepare; SEPARA'RE: sep'aro, separa'tum, to separate.
- 156. PAT'ER, pa'tris, a father; Pa'tria, one's native country.
- 157. PA'TI: pa'tior, pas'sus, to bear, to suffer.
- 158. PEL'LERE; pel'lo, pul'sum, to drive.
- 159. PENDE'RE; pen'deo, pen'sum, to hang.
- 160. PEN'DERE: pen'do, pen'sum, to weigh, to pay.
- 161. PET'ERE: pe'to, peti'tum, to attack, to seek.
- EXERCISE
- 162. PLEC'TERE: plec'to, plex'um, to twist; PLICA'RE: pli'co, plica'tum, and plic'itum, to fold.
- 163. PON'ERE: po'no, pos'itum, to place.
- 164. PORTA'RE: por'to, porta'tum, to carry.
- 165. POS'SE, to be able; Po'tens, poten'tis, powerful, mighty.
- 166. PREHEN'DERE: prohen'do, prehen'sum, to lay hold of, to seize.
- 167. PREM'ERE: pre'mo, pres'sum, to press.
- 168. PRI'MUS, first; Prin'ceps, prin'cipis, chief, original.
- 169. PROBA'RE: pro'bo, proba'tum, to try, to prove.
- 170. PUN'GERE: pun'go, punc'tum, to prick; Punc'tum, a point.
- 171. PUTA'RE: pu'to, puta'tum, to think, to prune, to count or reckon.
- 172. RAP'ERE: ra'pio, rap'tum, to seize suddenly, to snatch or hurry away.
- 173. REG'ERE: re'go, rec'tum, to rule; Rec'tus, straight.
- 174. RI'VUS, a river.
- 175. ROGA'RE: ro'go, roga'tum, to ask.
- 176. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break.
- 177. SA'CER, sa'cri, holy.
- 178. SA'LUS, salu'tis, health; Sal'vus, safe.
- 179. SCAN'DERE: scan'do (in comp. scen'do), scan'dum (in comp. scen'sum), to climb.
- 180. SCRIB'ERE: scri'bo, scrip'tum, to write.
- 181. SECA'RE: se'co, sec'tum, to cut.
- 182. SEDE'RE: se'deo (in comp. se'do), ses'sum, to sit.
- 183. SENTI'RE: sen'tio, sen'sum, to feel, to think.
- 184. SE'QUI: se'quor, secu'tus, to follow.
- 185. SERVA'RE: ser'vo, serva'tum, to save, to keep, to bind.
- EXERCISE.
- 186. SIG'NUM, a sign.
- 187. SIM'ILIS, like.
- 188. SIS'TERE: sisto, sta'tum, to cause to stand, to stand.
- 189. SOL'VERE: sol'vo, solu'tum, to loosen.
- 190. SPEC'ERE or SPIC'ERE: Spe'cio or spi'cio, spec'tum, to behold; Spe'cies, a kind.
- 191. SPIRA'RE: spi'ro, spira'tum, to breathe; Spir'itus, breath, spirit.
- 192. SPONDE'RE: spon'deo, spon'sum, to promise.
- 193. STA'RE: sto, sta'tum (in comp. sti'tum, to stand; pres. part. stans, stan'tis, standing); SIS'TERE: sis'to, sta'tum, to cause to stand; STATU'ERE: stat'uo, statu'tum, to station, to fix, to place.
- 194. STRIN'GERE: strin'go, stric'tum, to bind; to draw tight.
- 195. STRU'ERE: stru'o, struc'tum, to build, to place in order.
- 196. SU'MERE: su'mo, sump'tum, to take; Sump'tus, cost, expense.
- 197. TAN'GERE: tan'go, tac'tum, to touch.
- 198. TEN'DERE: ten'do, ten'sum or ten'tum, to stretch.
- 199. TENE'RE: ten'eo, ten'tum, to hold; French Tenir (radical tain), to hold.
- 200. TER'RA, the earth.
- 201. TES'TIS, a witness.
- 202. TOR'QUERE: tor'queo, tor'tum, to twist.
- 203. TRA'HERE: tra'ho, trac'tum, to draw; Fr. Trair, past part. Trait.
- 204. TRIBU'ERE: trib'uo, tribu'tum, to allot, to give.
- 205. TRU'DERE: tru'do, tru'sum, to thrust.
- 206. TU'ERE: tu'eor, tu'itus or tu'tus, to watch.
- 207. UN'DA, a wave.
- 208. U'TI: u'tor, u'sus, to use.
- 209. VAD'ERE: va'do, va'sum, to go.
- 210. VALE'RE: valeo, vali'tum, to be strong, to be of value; Val'idus, strong; Va'le, farewell.
- 211. VENI'RE: ve'nio, ven'tum, to come, to go.
- 212. VER'BUM, a word.
- 213. VER'TERE: ver'to, ver'sum, to turn.
- 214. VE'RUS, true; Ve'rax, vera'cis, veracious.
- 215. VI'A, a way.
- 216. VIDE'RE: vi'deo, vi'sum, to see.
- 217. VIN'CERE: vin'co, vic'tum, to conquer.
- 218. VOCA'RE: vo'co, voca'tum, to call; Vox, vo'cis, the voice.
- 219. VOL'VERE: vol'vo, volu'tum, to roll.
- 220. VUL'GUS, the common people.
- PART III.—THE GREEK ELEMENT.
- I.—GREEK PREFIXES.
- II.—GREEK ALPHABET.
- Pronunciation of Greek Words.
- GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.
- DIVISION I.—PRINCIPAL GREEK ROOTS.
- 1. A'ER (αηρ), the air.
- 2. AG'EIN (αγειν), to lead.
- 3. A'GON (αγων), a contest.
- 4. ANG'ELLEIN (αγγελλειν), to bring tidings; ANG'ELLOS (αγγελλος), a messenger.
- 5. AR'CHE (αρχη), beginning, government, chief.
- 6. AS'TRON (αστρον), a star.
- 7. AU'TOS (αυτος), one's self.
- 8. BAL'LEIN (βαλλειν), to throw or cast.
- 9. BAP'TEIN (βαπτειν), to wash, to dip.
- 10. CHRON'OS (χρονος), time.
- 11. GRAM'MA (γραμμα), a letter
- 12. GRAPH'EIN (γραφειν), to write.
- 13. HOD'OS ('οδος), a way.
- 14. HU'DOR ('υδορ), water.
- 15. KRAT'OS (χρατος), rule, government, strength.
- 16. LOG'OS (λογος), speech, ratio, description, science.
- 17. MET'RON (μετρον) a measure.
- 18. MON'OS (μονος), sole, alone.
- 19. O'DE (ωδε), a song.
- EXERCISE.
- 20. ON'OMA (ονομα), a name.
- 21. PAN (παν, παντος), all; whole.
- 22. PA'THOS (παθος), suffering, feeling.
- 23. PHIL'OS (φιλος), a friend, a lover.
- 24. PHA'NEIN (φαινειν), to cause to appear; PHANTA'SIA (φαντασια), an image, an idea.
- 25. PHO'NE (φωνη), a sound.
- 26. PHOS (φως, φωτος), light.
- 27. PHU'SIS (φυσις), nature.
- 28. POL'IS (πολις), a city.
- 29. RHE'O ('ρεω), I flow, I speak.
- 30. SKOP'EIN (σκοπειν), to see, to watch.
- 31. TAK'TOS (τακτος), arranged; TAX'IS (ταξις), arrangement.
- 32. TECH'NE (τεχνη), art.
- 33. THE'OS (θεος), God.
- 34. TITH'ENI (τιθεναι), to place, to set.
- 35. TON'OS (τονος), tension, tone.
- REVIEW EXERCISE ON GREEK DERIVATIVES.
- DIVISION II.—ADDITIONAL GREEK ROOTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES.
- PART IV.—THE ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT.
- I.—ANGLO-SAXON PREFIXES.
- II.—ANGLO-SAXON SUFFIXES.
- ANGLO-SAXON ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.
- Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, and the same literally translated into Modern English.
- Specimens of Semi-Saxon and Early English.
- Anglo-Saxon Element in Modern English.
- PART V.—MISCELLANEOUS DERIVATIVES.
- I.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PERSONS. 1.—NOUNS.
- 2.—ADJECTIVES.
- II.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PLACES.
- III.—ETYMOLOGY OF WORDS USED IN THE PRINCIPAL SCHOOL STUDIES.
- 1.—TERMS IN GEOGRAPHY.
- 2.—TERMS IN GRAMMAR.
- 3.—TERMS IN ARITHMETIC.
- Notes.
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